Validez, aplicabilidad y límites epistemológicos de los métodos de campo para evaluar composición corporal en deportistas: una revisión crítica metodológica
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.71112/y3e4dd15Palavras-chave:
composición corporal, antropometría, bioimpedancia, validez, epistemología, deportistas, metodología, medición.Resumo
Objetivo: Analizar críticamente la validez, aplicabilidad y límites epistemológicos de los métodos de campo utilizados para evaluar composición corporal en deportistas, con énfasis en antropometría y bioimpedancia. Método: Se realizó una revisión crítica metodológica de literatura clásica y reciente sobre modelos corporales, medición, antropometría, bioimpedancia y concordancia entre métodos. Se priorizaron revisiones, consensos, estudios metodológicos y artículos aplicados en población deportiva. Desarrollo: La composición corporal no constituye una magnitud única directamente observable, sino un constructo estimado mediante modelos, ecuaciones y supuestos. La antropometría y la bioimpedancia son útiles en terreno, pero no necesariamente intercambiables, especialmente cuando estiman componentes distintos. Conclusión: La interpretación debe explicitar el modelo corporal, el método, la ecuación, el error de medición y la finalidad de uso, evitando decisiones clínicas o deportivas basadas en equivalencias no demostradas.
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