Uso de materiales de control de pérdidas de circulación (LCM) en la perforación de pozos petroleros: artículo de revisión
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.71112/wz9q4352Palavras-chave:
Materiales tradicionales,, materiales híbridos,, materiales inteligentes polímeros,, filtración,, estabilidad.Resumo
La pérdida de circulación durante la perforación de pozos petroleros representa un desafío técnico y económico al comprometer la estabilidad del pozo y la seguridad de la operación. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo revisar críticamente los materiales de control de pérdidas (LCM) empleados entre 2021 y 2025. Se aplicó el protocolo PRISMA 2020 a 171 artículos de Scopus y ScienceDirect, descartando duplicados y criterios de inclusión, y se analizaron 22 estudios mediante Rayyan y VOSviewer. Los resultados mostraron tres grupos de LCM: tradicionales que componen las fibras vegetales y partículas minerales con reducción de filtrado hasta 40 %; híbridos y cementantes que son geles termoestables, EICP, cementos MOS y tixotrópicos con eficacias superiores al 80 % hasta 150 °C y 1000 psi; e inteligentes como las espumas SMP, geles autocurativos, microcápsulas y microesferas elastoméricas con adaptabilidad dinámica, recuperación de forma > 98 % y sellados hasta 8,97 MPa. La discusión evidencia una evolución desde soluciones básicas hacia sistemas híbridos e inteligentes, y destaca la necesidad de incorporar inteligencia artificial para optimizar la selección de LCM en tiempo real. Se concluye que, pese a los avances, es imprescindible estandarizar protocolos de ensayo, validar a escala comercial e integrar herramientas predictivas para un control de pérdidas más eficiente.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Nicómedes Saavedra-Arancibia, Mirna Villegas, Sara Vladislavic-Mendoza, Deyvi Bustamante Perez, Silverio Arancibia (Autor/a)
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
