Sobrecarga cognitiva y emocional como fenotipos diferenciados en cuidadores de Alzheimer
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.71112/0mj0tk97Palabras clave:
enfermedad de Alzheimer, sobrecarga del cuidador, funcionamiento ejecutivo, Trail Making Test, sobrecarga cognitiva, perfiles de cuidadoresResumen
Introducción: El cuidado informal de personas con Alzheimer genera demandas que afectan la salud del cuidador de formas poco evaluadas.
Objetivo: Identificar perfiles de sobrecarga del cuidador según carga, estrés y función ejecutiva, y el aporte de esta última.
Métodos: Estudio transversal en 84 cuidadores informales de personas con Alzheimer en Punta Arenas, Chile, evaluados con la Entrevista de Sobrecarga de Zarit, el Cuestionario de Afrontamiento del Estrés, el Trail Making Test y el Índice de AVD Instrumentales.
Resultados: Se identificaron tres perfiles —baja sobrecarga, sobrecarga cognitiva (alta carga, bajo estrés, TMT-B deteriorado) y sobrecarga emocional (alta carga, estrés elevado)—, con diferencias significativas en sobrecarga (p < ,001). El TMT-B explicó un 54% de varianza adicional más allá del estrés.
Conclusiones: La sobrecarga no se reduce a un perfil emocional único: algunos cuidadores muestran alta carga con bajo estrés, pero compromiso ejecutivo, lo que respalda evaluar también la función ejecutiva.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Fernanda Tapia Acevedo, Jonathan Lühr Henríquez, Wolfrang Lühr Henríquez, Karena Espinoza Saavedra, Antonia Lavanchy Verdugo (Autor/a)
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
