Quantum computing: state of the art, leading producers, achievements, technical challenges, and market outlook
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.71112/05g0gd73Keywords:
quantum computing, qubits, NISQ era, quantum error correction, quantum volume, quantum advantageAbstract
Quantum computing exploits superposition, entanglement, and interference to implement unitary transformations over exponentially large Hilbert spaces. These properties enable potential acceleration of specific classes of problems, particularly quantum simulation, structured optimization, and selected cryptographic algorithms.
This paper presents a technical review of the current state of quantum computing, including formal foundations, performance metrics, dominant hardware architectures, experimental achievements, and technical challenges associated with fault-tolerant quantum computing. The industrial ecosystem and market outlook are also examined, distinguishing between sector size and broader economic value enabled by quantum technologies.
The analysis indicates sustained progress in gate fidelities and physical qubit scaling over the past decade. However, the implementation of robust logical qubits through quantum error correction remains the principal technical barrier to achieving practical quantum advantage.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Baldo Alberto Luigi Dalporto, Sabine Mary, Santiago Gallur (Autor/a)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
