Risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.71112/mdjb4148Keywords:
metabolic syndrome, abdominal obesity, hypertension, sedentary, lifestyle, occupational health, public healthAbstract
Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a set of interrelated conditions that include abdominal obesity, hyperglycemia, high blood pressure, and dyslipidemia. Globally, this syndrome has become a critical public health problem due to its strong association with noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) such as cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes, which are responsible for a large proportion of global morbidity and mortality (WHO 2023).
With the object of identifying risk factors associated with the syndrome, a case-control analytical study was conducted with 344 participants during 2025. The guidelines established by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) were taken into account. Anthropometric measurements, laboratory tests, and structured surveys were applied, revealing that the average age of positive cases was 39 years (OR=3.69), all with p<0.05, a significant association with dyslipidemia (OR=20.70 in men; OR=11.91 in women), abdominal obesity (OR=8.49 in men; OR=10.67 in women), high blood pressure (OR=4.38), hyperglycemia/DM2 (OR=4.01), and a sedentary lifestyle (OR=3.92). No statistically significant association was observed with male sex or high stress. These results show a significant association with metabolic syndrome and high cardiometabolic risk.
Downloads
References
Ahmed, A. M., Ahmed, A. S., Abdilahi, M. M., & Nuh, A. M. (2024). Determinants and prevalence of metabolic syndrome among the adult population in Hargeisa, Somaliland: A community-based cross-sectional study. PLOS ONE, 19(12), e0316094. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0316094
Ahmed, S., et al. (2025). Cardiometabolic outcomes among adults with abdominal obesity and normal body mass index: A global analysis using WHO STEPS data. JAMA Network Open, 8(10), e2537942. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.37942
Alemany, M. (2024). The metabolic syndrome, a human disease. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 25(2251), 1–86. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25042251
Alnees, M., Awwad, M., Najajra, D., Darwish, A., Heih, O., Al-Ali, T., Abu Hamdeh, N., Abdullah, A., Ahmad, J., Jarrar, K., Al-Ihribat, A., Salloum, O., & Abdoh, Q. (2025). Predictive factors for metabolic syndrome in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). BMC Gastroenterology, 25, 562. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12876-025-04156-8
Andrade, B., Troche, I., & Torres, L. (2022). Prevalencia de síndrome metabólico en trabajadores universitarios y factores asociados. https://enfispo.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=8690486
Bueno, D. M., et al. (2015). Factores de riesgo asociados a síndrome metabólico en población habitante de 3600 y 4100 m s. n. m. Revista Médica Científica de la Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, 21(2). http://www.scielo.org.bo/pdf/rmcmlp/v21n2/v21n2_a02.pdf
Colman, M., Rivas, C., Méndez, P., & otros. (2024). Prevalencia de obesidad y síndrome metabólico en personal policial.
León, M., Hernández, Y., Vento, R., Santaya, Y., & López, M. (2024). Factores asociados al síndrome metabólico en trabajadores de un preuniversitario. https://eventosbiomedicas.sld.cu/index.php/cbbpr/biomedicaspr/paper/viewPaper/96
Ministerio de Salud de Panamá. (2022). Enfermedades no transmisibles dominan estadísticas de mortalidad en Panamá. https://www.minsa.gob.pa/noticia/enfermedades-no-transmisibles-dominan-estadisticas
Ministerio de Seguridad Pública de Panamá. (2020, 30 de enero). Aumenta participación femenina en los estamentos de seguridad. https://www.minseg.gob.pa/2020/01/aumenta-participacion-femenina-en-los-estamentos-de-seguridad/
Organización Mundial de la Salud. (2023). Actividad física y enfermedades no transmisibles. https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/physical-activity
Organización Panamericana de la Salud. (2020). Enfermedades no transmisibles. https://www.paho.org/es/temas/enfermedades-no-transmisibles
Pajuelo Ramírez, J., Bartolo Marchena, M., Bravo Rebatta, F., Racacha Valladares, E., & Agüero Zamora, R. (2022). Frecuencia y factores asociados a las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles en adultos mayores en el Perú, año 2005. Anales de la Facultad de Medicina, 83(4), 299–306. https://doi.org/10.15381/anales.v83i4.24333
Peng, W., Li, T., Liu, Y., Zhao, H., Chen, H., & others. (2021). Metabolic syndrome and its relation to dietary patterns among a selected urbanised and semi-urbanised Tibetan population in transition from nomadic to settled living environment. Public Health Nutrition, 24(5), 984–992. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980019004798
Pozo, J. (2021). Obesidad abdominal como predictor del síndrome metabólico.
Rong, S., et al. (2025). Lifestyle factors and metabolic syndrome: Evidence from a nested case-control study. Frontiers in Endocrinology. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2025.1559176
Schnaiderman, D. (2021). Asociación entre obesidad central y enfermedades metabólicas.
Wang, X., et al. (2025). Adherence to combined healthy lifestyle and odds of metabolic syndrome among adults. Scientific Reports, 15, 89028. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-89028-7
Yautibug, M. (2024). Determinación de dislipidemias, hiperglicemia y síndrome metabólico en adultos de 40 a 60 años. http://dspace.espoch.edu.ec/bitstream/123456789/22568/1/56T01337.pdf
Ye, Y., Zhou, Q., Dai, W., Peng, H., Zhou, S., Tian, H., Shen, L., & Han, H. (2023). Gender differences in metabolic syndrome and its components in southern China using a healthy lifestyle index: A cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health, 23, 686. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-15569-9
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Ada Luz Camargo Falcon (Autor/a)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
