Hemorragia digestiva alta: estado actual en el diagnóstico y tratamiento
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https://doi.org/10.71112/brmftn91Palabras clave:
Hemorragia Gastrointestinal, epidemiologia, etiología, diagnóstico, tratamientoResumen
La hemorragia digestiva alta (HDA) se define como cualquier sangrado proveniente del tracto gastrointestinal proximal al ligamento de Treitz, lo que incluye el esófago, el estómago y el duodeno. Es una de las principales causas de ingreso hospitalario por enfermedades del tracto gastrointestinal y potencialmente mortal. Clínicamente, se manifiesta comúnmente con hematemesis (vómito con sangre fresca o en posos de café) o melenas (heces negras alquitranadas). Además, los pacientes pueden presentar signos sistémicos asociados a la pérdida aguda de sangre, tales como síncope, fatiga, taquicardia u ortostatismo. La evaluación inicial de los pacientes implica una valoración de la estabilidad hemodinámica y la reanimación si es necesario, posteriormente se realizan estudios diagnósticos (generalmente endoscopia). Hasta en un 20% de los casos el sangrado persiste o recurre, requiriendo intervención terapéutica. Esta revisión busca orientar la evaluación y manejo de la hemorragia digestiva alta para reducir la morbilidad y mortalidad en adultos.
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